Since the early days of psychoanalysis, at
least some psychotherapists have believed in the possibility
of psychic trauma in the prenatal and perinatal stages of development.
These traumas, although invisible, were memorialized in the
fears and habits of their clients. Both theory and treatment
of birth trauma has varied through the 20th century and practitioners
have always been a small minority. That minority has grown
steadily in the last twenty years, as these writings testify.
Mothers and fathers can also be traumatized by events during
the reproductive process including setbacks, complications,
and unwanted outcomes.
Stanislav Grof (1985), Beyond
the Brain: Birth, Death, and Transcendence in Psychotherapy. Albany,
NY: SUNY Press.
Sondra Ray and Bob Mandel (1987), Birth
and Relationships: How Your Birth Affects Your Relationships. Berkeley,
CA: Celestial Arts. Temporarily out of print. Inquire
at www.bobmandel.com.
Ken Magid and Carole A McKelvey (1990), High
Risk: Children Without Conscience. New York:
Bantam Books.
David B. Cheek and Ernest Rossi (1994), Mind-Body
Therapy. New York: Norton.
Arthur Janov (1991), The
New Primal Scream: Primal Therapy 20 Years On. Wilmington,
DE: Enterprise Publishing.
Stanislav Grof (1993), The
Holotropic Mind. New York: Harper-Collins.
Elizabeth Noble (1993). Primal
Connections. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Available from the author via email to: en@elizabethnoble.com or
P. O. Box 11247, St. Thomas, VI 00801.
Alessandra Piontelli (1992), From
Fetus to Child: An Observation and Psychoanalytic Study. London:
Routledge.
Nancy Verrier (1993), The
Primal Wound: Understanding the Adopted Child. Baltimore:
Gateway Press
David B. Cheek (1993), Hypnosis:
The Application of Ideomotor Techniques. Boston:
Allyn & Bacon.
Lynda Share (1994), If
Someone Speaks, It Gets Lighter: Dreams and the Reconstruction
of Infant Trauma. Hillsdale, NJ: The Analytic
Press.
Paul Madaule (1994), When
Listening Comes Alive: A Guide to Effective Learning
and Communication.Norval, Noval (Ontario), Canada:
Moulin Publishing.
Michael Gabriel (1995), Remembering
Your Life Before Birth. Lower Lake, CA: Aslin.
Ronald Goldman (1997), Circumcision:
The Hidden Trauma. Boston: Vanguard.
Aletha Solter (1997), Tears
and Tantrums: What to Do When Babies and Children Cry. Goleta,
CA: Shining Star Press.
Hannah Lothrop (1997), Help,
Comfort and Hope After Losing Your Baby in Pregnancy
or the First Year. Tucson, AZ: Fisher Books.
Stephen Maret (1997), The
Prenatal Person: Frank Lake's Maternal-Fetal Distress
Syndrome. Lanham, MD: University Press of America.
Ludwig Janus (1997), The
Enduring Effects of Prenatal Experience: Echoes from
the Womb. Heidelberg, Germany: Mattes (journals@mattes.de).
George C. Denniston and Marilyn Fayre Milos
(Eds.) (1997), Sexual Mutilation:
A Human Tragedy. New York and London: Plenum Press.
Avaiable from NOCIRC, 415-488-9883.
Robin Karr-Morse and Meredith S. Wiley
(1998), Ghosts
From the Nursery: Tracing the Roots of Violence. New
York: Atlantic Monthly Press.
Joann O'Leary, Lynnda Parker, and Clare
Thornwick (1998), After
Loss: Parenting in the Next Pregnancy. Minneapolis,
MN: Allina Health System. Available from WomenCare Maternity
Services, Abbott Northwestern Hospital - 14201, 800 E 28th
St, Minneapolis, MN 55407-3799.
Julie Motz (1998), Hands
of Life: An Energy Healer Reveals the Secrets of Using
Your Body's Own Medicine for Healing, Recovery and Transformation. New
York: Bantam Books.
Benig Mauger (1999), Songs
From the Womb: Healing the Wounded Mother.
Cork, Ireland: Dufour Editions, ISBN1898256534. Contact
the author at benmau@iol.ie
Sheila Linn, William Emerson, Dennis Linn
and Matthew Linn (1999), Remembering
Our Home: Healing Hurts and Receiving Gifts from Conception
to Birth. Mahweh, NJ: Paulist Press.
Tiffany Field (2000), Touch
Therapy. New York: Livingstone/Harcourt
Gerald Bongard (2000). The
Near-Birth Experience: A Journey to the Center of Self.
New York: Marlowe & Co.
Thomas Ritter and George Denniston (2002), Doctors
Re-Examine Circumcision . Seattle: Millennium
Publishing Co.
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